Wasteful Consumption of Bread: Its Levels, Sources, and Possible Solutions. (A Case Study of Jordan)

On the basis of a study of 1644 Jordanian consumers’, this study addresses the topic of the governmental bread subsidy policy in addition to the waste in the Jordanian’s bread consumption. The findings of this study identified a large percentage of waste in bread consumption. Additionally, this study identified the financial repercussions due to this waste in consumption and the subsidy policy. This research is one of the first to empirically study the topic of waste in bread consumption in Jordan and in the world. Keywords: Social Responsibility, Waste, Bread, Prices, Subsid

Real Time Estimation, Quantization, And Remote Control Of Permanent Magnet Dc Motors

Establishing real-time models for electric motors is of importance for capturing authentic dynamic behavior of the motors to improve control performance, enhance robustness, and support diagnosis. Quantized sensors are less expensive and remote controlled motors mandate signal quantization. Such limitations on observations introduce challenging issues in motor parameter estimation. This dissertation develops estimators for model parameters of permanent magnet direct current motors (PMDC) using quantized speed measurements. A typical linearized model structure of PMDC motors is used as a benchmark platform to demonstrate the technology, its key properties, and benefits. Convergence properties are established. Simulations and experimental studies are performed to illustrate potential applications of the technology. Remotely-controlled Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) motors must transmit speed measurements and receive control commands via communication channels. Sampling, quantization, data transfer, and signal reconstruction are mandatory in such networked systems, and introduce additional dynamic subsystems that substantially affect feedback stability and performance. The intimate interaction among sampling periods, signal estimation step sizes, and feedback dynamics entails careful design considerations in such systems. This dissertation investigates the impact of these factors on PMDC motor performance, by rigorous analysis, simulation case studies, and design trade-off examination. The findings of this dissertation will be of importance in providing design guidelines for networked mobile systems, such as autonomous vehicles, mobile sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles which often use electric motors as main engines

Human Capital Investment And Training In Islamic Banking Industry In Jordan Jordan Islamic Bank for Finance and Investment

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of investment in human resources activities on the effectiveness of investment in human capital and investigated the relationship between human capital Investmenttraining and its effectiveness in Islamic banks in Jordan. The fascinating development and point of discussion in recent years is the rapid growth and expansion of the Islamic financial services industry. It is no longer rhetoric as Islamic finance has been accepted as viable and competitive mode of financial intermediation that offers wide range of financial products and services to meet the highly differentiated demands of the new economy; not only in Muslim countries but also beyond the Muslim world. Against these rapid revolution of Islamic financial industry globally and in Jordan particularly, human capital has become the defining factor in sustaining the performance and competitiveness of Islamic financial industry. Thus it is crucial to place strong focus on human capital development in embarking Islamic financial services encompassing the basic foundation namely; education. A prerequisite requirement for highly talented and skilled labor force is essential to maximize the opportunities presented by the evolving economic environment in the future. The objective of this study is to determine the issues faced by practitioners that initiate the need to undertake training and development courses as well as to identify the type of training required by current practitioners that affect performance. The main findings of the study can be more comprehensive and representative if more respondents from several banks that practices Islamic finance can be involved in validating the issue that is realizable for future study

The Nature, Antecedents and Outcomes of Interpersonal Trust within Co-worker Relationships in Jordan.

Research in the area of interpersonal trust within organisations has to a great extent focused on developing theoretical models identifying the nature, antecedents and outcomes of trust and empirically testing these models within the context of various organisational work relationships. However, the applicability of the propositions introduced by these models to cultural contexts different from those in which they were initially developed and to previously overlooked work relationship contexts has not been thoroughly understood or empirically examined. This thesis mainly examines trust, its antecedents and outcomes in co-worker relationship contexts involving permanent and contingent co-workers working within Jordanian organisations. The thesis reports the findings of two studies through which the applicability of the propositions of one of the most widely accepted theoretical frameworks pertaining to trust (the Mayer, Davis and Schoorman, 1995, integrative model of organisational trust) to co-worker contexts is empirically tested through the analysis of interview data collected from twenty employees and through the analysis of questionnaire data collected from two hundred employees (154 permanent employees and 46 contingent employee) from five different Jordanian organisations. Mayer et al.’s (1995) proposed model was mostly generalizable across co-worker contexts involving permanent and contingent employees. In addition, trust in a co-worker related significantly to interpersonal citizenship behaviours (ICB) towards the respective co-worker and unlike contingent employees, permanent employees differentiated between their permanent and contingent co-workers in terms of trust, trustworthiness perceptions and ICBs. However, both groups did not differentiate between their co-workers in terms of antisocial work behaviours. These findings indicate for academics and practitioners the importance of considering the employment status of employees when examining or managing the antecedents and outcomes of trust across various co-worker relationship contexts

Beware the Fury of the Digital Age Consumer: Online Consumer Revenge: A Cognitive Appraisal Perspective

Online consumer revenge is costing companies millions of dollars annually. Yet, a limited number of studies have investigated the factors that influence online consumer revenge and the degree to which they carry on across cultural boundaries. A serious gap was noticed concerning the forms, triggers, and process of consumer revenge in the online context. Additionally, it was noticed that previous theoretical models of consumer revenge go directly from the desire for revenge state to the actual revenge state without explaining the cognitive process the consumer goes through when evaluating the decision whether or not to commit revenge. To address these research gaps, a mixed method approach was applied. A qualitative approach was employed first to explore this behaviour. Afterwards, a scenario based survey was used in order to examine and test the casual relationships between the variables identified in the first study on a larger sample from Jordan and Britain. Overall, the findings of this thesis have proven for the first time the secondary appraisal state consumers go through when evaluating their online revenge coping options. In this state, consumers were found to evaluate the reach of their actions, the risk involved, and the ability to perform the online revenge behaviour. Additionally, this thesis found that the British participants cognitively evaluate their online revenge options more extensively when compared to the Jordanian participants. The findings of this thesis also identify a new set of triggers for online consumer revenge including the type (process/outcome) and the severity of the service failure. This finding shifts away from the traditional fairness violations view of the triggers of consumer revenge. Moreover, the findings of this thesis establishes the role of the national culture in influencing online revenge as demonstrated by the difference in the harm appraisals, negative emotions, and the desires for revenge between the English and Jordanian participants

The degree of practicing the Management By Wandering Around (MBWA) by school principals at Bani Kenana Directorate of Education from their perspectives

This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing the Management By Wandering Around (MBWA) by the school principals at Bani Kenana Directorate of Education from their perspectives and identify the impact of the independent variables of gender and years of experience. The study sample consisted of (89) male and female principals. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive, deductive analysis in addition to the questionnaire that consisted of (27) items, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the (SPSS) such as the frequencies, percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, internal consistency coefficient of Cronbach alpha, (MANOVA) test and (ANOVA) test. The study results showed that the arithmetic mean of the degree of practicing the MBWA by the school principals as a whole was (3.77) by a high degree where the field of development and creativity was ranked first with an arithmetic mean of (4.78) by a high degree and the field of the human relations was ranked last with an arithmetic mean of (3.51) by a moderate degree. Furthermore, the results showed no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) in the degree of practicing the MBWA by the school principals in Bani Kenana Directorate of Education from their perspectives as a whole according to the variable of gender, and in favor of the (females) in addition to statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) in the degree of practicing the MBWA by the school principals in Bani Kenana Directorate of Education from their perspectives as a whole according to the variable of years of experience in favor of those with an experience of (more than 10 years)

The association of late carpal tunnel syndrome with carpal misalignment following distal radius fracture in old Jordanian women

Background: Late carpal tunnel syndrome following distal radius fracture is a frequent hazard especially after conservative management. Objective was to assess the association of radiological carpal alignment with the intensity of late carpal tunnel syndrome in old Jordanian women during 1 year of distal radius fracture. Methods: Our retrospective investigation recruited 100 women, aged more than 50 years with unilateral distal radius fracture managed conservatively during one year of the fracture at Royal Jordanian Rehabilitation center, Jordan, between January 2021 to April 2023. Participants were split into 2 groups. Group I comprised of 50 patients with clinical features of late carpal tunnel syndrome (nocturnal or diurnal) and group II comprised of 50 women without clinical features. CTS-6 assessment tool score (1-6) was recorded to evaluate the intensity of the condition. Electrophysiological and radiological evaluation were performed to record carpal alignment. Student t-test was used to assess the variables. Results: There was a remarkable discrepancy between groups in terms of the radiological variables of carpal alignment (The average of radio-capitate distance, volar tilt and volar prominence height were: -10.69 mm, -19.89 D angle and 1.45 mm, respectively in group I). There was a positive association between reduction in the variables of carpal alignment and the intensity of late CTS. Volar tilt was positively engaged in the late CTS. The threshold of the volar tilt was -19.41 D angle (p<0.005). Conclusions: Modification of the carpal tunnel following distal radius fracture with carpal dorsal misalignment leads to late CTS. Reducing volar tilt and volar prominence height and radio-capitate distance are the main remarkable independent anticipators of late CTS in non-surgically treated distal radius fracture

Transcriptomics Profile Of Long Noncoding Rnas And Protein-coding Genes In Aedes Aegypti Cells Infected With Dengue Virus 1

Dengue virus (DENV) of the Flaviviridae family is a mosquito-borne virus which cause dengue disease in several tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and Ae. aegypti is the main vector. Many studies focused on the functions of protein-coding genes in virus-host interaction. Non-coding genes such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown to have potential role in virus-host interaction. Previous studies showed that lncRNAs have important roles such as development, virus-host interaction and immunity. However, information on the functions of Ae. aegypti lncRNAs are still incomplete. Thus, in this research, in order to complete the set of lncRNAs in the reference genome a genome-wide identification and characterization of Ae. aegypti lncRNAs were performed using high depth RNAsequencing data sets and vigorous bioinformatics tools. Total number of 4689 novel long non-coding RNAs were systematically identified and characterized, and they were added to the reference genome. Among these novel long non-coding RNAs, 2,064 were intergenic, 2076 and 549 were intronic and antisense respectively. Moreover, it was found that the characteristics of Ae. aegypti novel lncRNAs were similar to lncRNAs discovered in other species like lower GC content, shorter in length, more repeat sequences, and lower sequence conservation compared to protein-coding genes. Furthermore, list of accurate and vigorous differentially expressed genes was one of the targets in this project. As a result, transcriptome profile of A

Prescribing Antibiotics for pediatric dental patients in Jordan; knowledge and attitudes of dentists

Objective: The inappropriate use of antibiotic in treating children has been observedin the treatment of dental infections. Recent surveys reported that dentistsin several countries have modest knowledge about antibiotic prescribing. The aimof this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of a group of Jordaniandentists treating children towards antibiotic prescribing.Methods: A written questionnaire was distributed during a meeting of the JordanianSociety of Paediatric Dentistry. The questionnaire included questions aboutthe knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward dental antibiotic prescribing tochildren.Results: Amoxicillin was the most popular antibiotic (62.9%) to be prescribed bydentists treating children. A lesser percentage (29.7%) prescribe combination ofantibiotics, and around 37% prescribe antibiotics for duration longer than 5 days.Erythromycin was the most popular alternative to amoxicillin (77.8%) followed byclindamycin (22.2%). A number of antibiotics were prescribed for non-indicatedclinical conditions like pulpitis and gingivitis. More than 50% of the sample prescribedantibiotics for non-scientific reasons like the “need to delay treatment†and“sterilization not guaranteedâ€.Conclusion: There is a need to improve awareness of Jordanian dentists regardingantibiotic prescribing to children particularly in the aspects of type of antibiotic tobe used for patients allergic and non-allergic to penicillin, duration of prescribing,and clinical indications. Dentists also should be discouraged to prescribe antibioticsbased on non-scientific/social factors